What is Neurodivergency?

Neurodivergence means that some people's brains work differently than what society considers "typical." The term is used to describe a variety of conditions like autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and more. Instead of viewing these differences as deficits, neurodiversity celebrates them as natural variations in how people think, feel, and experience the world. 

 

The Origin of Neurodiversity

The term "neurodiversity" was first introduced by sociologist Judy Singer in 1998 [1]. Inspired by biodiversity, she wanted to highlight that different brain functions are a natural part of human diversity. Later, Kassiane Asaumasu expanded on this idea, highlighting that neurodivergence involves diverging from dominant societal norms in multiple ways, promoting inclusivity rather than exclusivity [2].

 

What Conditions Are Considered Neurodivergent?

Neurodivergence conditions include [3]:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing.

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Challenges with focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

• Dyslexia: Difficulties with reading and writing.

• Dyscalculia: Difficulties understanding and using math.

• Dysgraphia: Struggles with writing and fine motor skills.

• Tourette Syndrome: Challenges with involuntary movements and vocalization.

• Bipolar Disorder: Difficulties with extreme mood swings between mania and depression.

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Struggles with intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

• Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD): Heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory input like sound, touch, or light.

 

Signs of Neurodivergence

People who are neurodivergent may experience [4]:

• Difficulty understanding or following social norms

• Sensory sensitivities (e.g., being overwhelmed by noise or textures)

• A need for routines or repetitive behaviors

• Struggles with focus, organization, or impulsivity

• Heightened anxiety

• Hyperfocus on specific interests or hobbies

Since neurodivergence exists on a spectrum, some people experience only a few of these traits, while others experience many.

 

Types of Neurodivergence

Neurodivergence can manifest in various ways including:

• Cognitive Differences: Unique ways of processing information, like strong pattern recognition or creative problem-solving.

• Behavioral Differences: Distinct ways of interacting with others, including social challenges or alternative communication styles.

• Sensory Differences: Heightened or reduced reactions to sound, touch, smell, or visual stimuli.

 

Challenges Faced by Neurodivergent Individuals

 

Social Challenges

Many neurodivergent people often face social stigma and misunderstanding. They struggle with social interactions, whether it's understanding social cues, reading body language, making eye contact, or feeling accepted in social environments.

Educational Challenges

Traditional schooling doesn’t always accommodate neurodivergent learning styles. It can be challenging due to rigid structures and teaching methods that cater to neurotypical students. This can lead to difficulties engaging with material or feeling supported by educators, causing frustration and struggles concentrating and remaining stimulated.

Workplace Challenges

Rigid work environments and unspoken expectations can make it difficult for neurodivergent employees to thrive without proper accommodations. Workplaces often require conformity to certain norms, such as overstimulating sensory environments with open-plan offices, strict attendance policies, and traditional job interviews that emphasize social skills and eye contact. These expectations can be challenging for neurodivergent people, making it harder for them to navigate workplace settings comfortably. Accommodations such as flexible work environments or sensory-friendly spaces can help alleviate these challenges.

Mental Health Struggles

Anxiety, depression, and burnout are common among neurodivergent individuals due to societal pressures and a lack of understanding. It's important to provide supportive environments that acknowledge and accommodate these challenges.

 

How to Build on Neurodivergent Strengths

Embrace Your Identity

Recognizing and accepting neurodivergence can lead to greater self-acceptance and confidence. It’s about understanding yourself and what works for you, focusing on your strengths rather than deficits.

Develop Strategies for Success

Finding the right tools and techniques, like using planners for ADHD or noise-canceling headphones for sensory sensitivities, can help make daily life easier.

Practice Self-Care

Taking breaks, setting boundaries, and engaging in enjoyable activities can help prevent burnout and improve overall well-being.

Seek Support When Needed

Whether it's therapy, community groups, or workplace accommodations, reaching out for help can be crucial for managing challenges effectively.

 

Neurodivergent vs. Neurotypical: What’s the Difference?

• Neurotypical: Describes people whose brain functions align with societal norms, making it easier for them to navigate traditional social and educational settings.

• Neurodivergent: Describes people whose brains process information differently, often requiring accommodations to thrive in neurotypical environments.

 

The Importance of Inclusion and Fostering Neurodiversity

Creating neurodiversity-friendly spaces involves understanding and accommodating different needs. This includes:

• Flexible work and learning environments

• Sensory-friendly spaces

• Open-minded and accepting communities

• Inclusive educational practices

When society values different ways of thinking, everyone benefits.

 

FAQs About Neurodivergence

What is considered neurodivergent?

Neurodivergence includes conditions like autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and sensory processing disorder, but it also encompasses broader cognitive and behavioral differences that diverge from societal norms.

How do I know if I'm neurodivergent?

If you find that you process the world differently from others, whether in learning, thinking, or social interactions, you might be neurodivergent. A professional evaluation can provide more clarity.

Is neurodivergent the same as having ADHD?

No. ADHD is one type of neurodivergence, but there are many others, like autism, dyslexia, and OCD.

Can neurodivergent people succeed in traditional settings?

Absolutely! With the right accommodations, support, and self-awareness, neurodivergent individuals can thrive in school, work, and relationships.

Why is neurodiversity important?

Neurodiversity helps us recognize that different ways of thinking and processing the world are valid and valuable. By embracing it, we create a more inclusive and innovative society.

 

My Journey with Neurodiversity

I've always felt like my brain worked differently. I grew up with anxiety, depression, and OCD, and more recently, I’ve started exploring my experiences with AuDHD. Social interactions were often confusing; I struggled to read social cues, constantly questioning whether people were laughing with me or at me.

Entering the corporate workforce after university only amplified these challenges. Everything felt forced; knowing how long to hold eye contact, sitting seated at my desk my whole shift because this is what "hard-working" looked like (but trust me, I am a hard-worker), pushing through the discomfort of bright lights, loud offices, and scratchy clothes while trying to focus for eight hours a day. Unsurprisingly, in all my neurodivergence, I took on too much, said "yes" to everything, and burned out.

Leaving corporate life gave me the space to unmask and fully understand my neurodivergent tendencies. Running my own business allowed me to embrace a flexible work schedule, use tactile objects to stay engaged, and practice body doubling with friends and family instead of forcing myself into environments that drained me.

Understanding neurodiversity has changed how I work and live. If you're on a similar journey, I hope this blog helps you start building a life that works with your brain, instead of against it. It is entirely possible.

 

References

[1] Botha, M., Chapman, R., Giwa Onaiwu, M., Kapp, S. K., Stannard Ashley, A., & Walker, N. (2024). The neurodiversity concept was developed collectively: An overdue correction on the origins of neurodiversity theory. Autism, 28(6), 1591-1594. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241237871 

[2] Chapman, R. (2021, August). Negotiating the neurodiversity concept. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/neurodiverse-age/202108/negotiating-the-neurodiversity-concept 

[3] Armstrong, Thomas. (2010). Neurodiversity: Discovering the Extraordinary Gifts of Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, and Other Brain Differences.

[4] Kircher-Morris, E., & Morin, A. (2025). Neurodiversity-affirming schools: Transforming practices so all students feel accepted & supported. Free Spirit Publishing.